Diagnostic profiles in adolescence and emergingadulthood: Transition patterns and risk factors
Revista de psiquiatría y salud mental (Barcelona)
Abstract
Introduction: Complex diagnostic profiles (i.e., clusters of comorbid disorders) may be presentin adolescence with long-lasting effects later in life. Little is known about their developmen-tal transitions to adulthood as well as potential risk factors. This study aimed to identify thediagnostic profiles in adolescence and emerging adulthood, patterns of transitions and riskfactors.Material and methods: A sample of 1062 Mexican adolescents (43.22% men, M = 14.19 years atbaseline, SD = 1.68) was assessed for psychiatric disorders at adolescence and emerging adult-hood. Latent class analysis was used to identify diagnostic profiles. Profile transition was studiedusing multi-state modeling between the life periods. Logistic regression was utilized to studyrisk factor influence on profile development in adulthood.Results: Three diagnostic profiles (i.e., minimal disorder/no-psychopathology; and two clini-cal profiles: internalizing and externalizing) were identified in both periods. Anxiety disorderswere the most frequent psychiatric presentation in adolescence, while depression was themost prevalent disorder in adulthood. More than 15% of participants showed a clinical profileregardless life period. Comorbidity was present in 57% of participants with a clinical psychiatricprofile. Finally, common (suicidal behavior) and specific risk factors (sex, parents’ educationand income) predicted transitions to profiles from adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are frequently observed adopting a complex diagnostic pro-file in both adolescence and emerging adulthood. Comorbidity seems to be common in bothlife periods. Developmental issues and comorbidity should be considered for health serviceprovision and treatment choice.© 2022 SEP y SEPB. Published by Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Perfiles diagnósticos en la adolescencia y la juventud: patrones de transición y factores de riesgo
Resumen
Introducción: El malestar psiquiátrico puede incluir presentaciones diagnósticas complejas(perfiles diagnósticos) en la adolescencia. Dichas presentaciones tienen influencia duradera enla adultez. Si bien poco se sabe de cómo evolucionan estos perfiles hacia la adultez. Este estudiopretendía identificar los perfiles diagnósticos en la adolescencia y la juventud, sus patrones detransición y factores de riesgo.Material y métodos: Mil sesenta y dos adolescentes mexicanos (43,22% chicos, M = 14,19 a˜nos enlínea base, DT = 1,68) fueron evaluados respecto a trastornos psiquiátricos en la adolescencia yla juventud. Se identificaron perfiles diagnósticos mediante modelos de clase latente. Se usaronmodelos multiestado para estudiar transiciones entre periodos vitales y regresión logística paraanalizar la influencia de factores de riesgo en las transiciones entre perfiles.Resultados: Se identificaron 3 perfiles diagnósticos (i.e. no-psicopatología y 2 clínicos: inter-nalizante y externalizante) para ambos periodos vitales. Los trastornos más prevalentes fueroninternalizantes en ambos periodos. Más del 15% de participantes mostró un perfil diagnósticoclínico. La comorbilidad psiquiátrica se dio en el 57% de los casos con perfil clínico. Finalmente,la transición a perfiles clínicos en la juventud se explicó mediante factores de riesgo comunes(conducta suicida) y específicos del perfil (sexo, educación parental y nivel de ingresos).Conclusiones: El malestar psiquiátrico puede presentar formas complejas, tanto en la adoles-cencia como en la juventud. La comorbilidad suele ser algo común en ambos periodos vitales.Por ello, estos aspectos deben ser considerados a la hora de indicar el tratamiento y planificarla atención clínica.© 2022 SEP y SEPB. Publicado por Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
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